Globally, corruption is receiving a lot of attention. The causes, effects, and extent of corruption are surveyed and discussed in the study, along with potential remedial measures.

It highlights how corruption hinders economic growth. Additionally, it highlights that combating corruption may not be inexpensive and cannot be separated from governmental change. Regardless of direct efforts to reduce corruption, it is likely to remain an issue if specific reforms are not implemented.

KEY WORDS CORRUPTION: role  of state , regulations

AUTHOR’S E-mail ADDRESS: VTANZI @IMF. ORG

*The author wrote the first draft of this work during a brief sabbatical at the Institute for Advanced Study at Collegium Budapet. It was given at a corruption conference and as a colleague lecture at the institute on November 10, 1997. a danger to democracy at the Interpol headquarters in Lyons on December 7, 1997.

*A lot of evidence suggests that corruption has existed for thousands of years, but it has gained more attention recently. Is the emphasis a reflection of growing awareness or the problem’s growing scope? Corruption has most likely increased in the last few decades.

Although perceptions of corruption can be measured, it is impossible to measure corruption to measure corruption. Numerous institutions have created different corruption indexes, which have been employed by numerous studies.

According to theoretical arguments put forth by certain economists, corruption may actually be advantageous to the way the economy operates. These arguments are denied, and a number of qualitative and quantitative arguments are made for why corruption hinders economic growth.

THE GROWTH OF CORRUPTION:

A phenomena commonly referred to as corruption has received a lot of attention in recent years, particularly in the 1990s. Prominent politicians have lost their official positions, governments have toppled, and in some cases, entire political classes have been replaced due to allegations of corruption in developing nations, whether they are market-oriented or not.

The phenomenon of corruption is not new. Kauitya was an Indian king’s prime minister two thousand years ago. had already authored a book on the subject called Arhastra.

There are a number of viewpoints that contend that corruption is just receiving more attention these days than it did in the past.

First, the political hyprocrisy that caused decision-makers in certain industrialized nations to overlook political corruption, including partial corruption in specific nations like Zaries, has been stopped by the end of the Cold War. The latter were prone to ignore blatant instances of high-level corruption as long as they were in the correct political party.

Second, there was a propensity to overlook corruption in the societies, either due to ignorance or a reluctance to discuss it by individuals who are familiar with these nations.

Third, the number of nations with democratic governments and free and active media has grown in recent years, fostering an atmosphere where talking about corruption is no longer frowned upon. The media in certain nations, including Russia, has reacted angrily to this newfound independence.

Fourth, among all its effects, globalization has led to regular interactions between people from nations with low levels of corruption and those from nations with high levels of corruption.

Therefore, a number of considerations suggest that the current interest in corruption may be a reflection of the phenomenon’s expanding breadth throughout time rather than merely a heightened awareness of an old issue.